About indonesia country

Indonesia is officially the Republic of Indonesia (in Indonesian: Republik Indonesia ɪndonesia),[lacks stress] is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands.[12] At 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles), Indonesia is the world's 14th largest country in terms of land area and the 7th largest in terms of combined sea and land area.With over 261 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Austronesian and Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island,contains more than half of the country's population.

Indonesia's republican form of government includes an elected parliament and president. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have special status. Its capital is Jakarta, which is the second most populous urban area in the world. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity.The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber. Indonesia's major trading partners are China, United States, Japan, Singapore and India.

The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with Chinese dynasties and Indian kingdoms. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following a period of Dutch colonialism starting from Amboina and Batavia, and eventually all of the archipelago including Timor and Western New Guinea, at times interrupted by Portuguese, French and British rule, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II.

Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with the largest—and politically dominant—ethnic group being the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Indonesia's economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 7th largest by GDP at PPP. Indonesia is a member of several multilateral organisations, including the UN,[a] WTO, IMF and G20. It is also a founding member of Non-Aligned Movement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, East Asia Summit, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

Capital

and largest city-Jakarta

6°10.5′S 106°49.7′E

Official language

and national language Indonesian

Recognised regional languages          

Javanese Sundanese and 700 others

Ethnic groups (2010)  40.22% Javanese

15.5% Sundanese

and 44.28% others

Religion (2010)          

87.2% Islam

9.9% Christianity

—7.0% Protestantism

—2.9% Roman Catholicism

1.7% Hinduism

0.7% Buddhism

0.2% Confucianism

and others

Demonym       Indonesian

Government    Unitary presidential constitutional republic

• President

Joko Widodo

• Vice President

Jusuf Kalla

• DPD Speaker

Oesman Sapta Odang

• DPR Speaker

Bambang Soesatyo

• Chief Justice

Muhammad Hatta Ali

Legislature      People's Consultative Assembly (MPR)

• Upper house

Regional Representative Council (DPD)

• Lower house

People's Representative Council (DPR)

Formation

• Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms

2nd century

• Islamic sultanates

13th century

• Dutch East India Company

20 March 1602

• Dutch East Indies

1 January 1800

• Japanese occupation

9 March 1942

• Independence declared from the Netherlands

17 August 1945

• United States of Indonesia (USI)

27 December 1949

• USI dissolved

17 August 1950

Area

• Land

1,904,569[6] km2 (735,358 sq mi) (14th)

• Water (%)

4.85

Population

• 2016 estimate

261,115,456

• 2010 census

237,641,326(4th)

• Density

138/km2 (357.4/sq mi) (88th)

GDP (PPP)      2018 estimate

• Total

$3.481 trillion(7th)

• Per capita

$13,120(96th)

GDP (nominal)2018 estimate

• Total

$1.074 trillion (16th)

• Per capita

$4,116(114th)

Gini (2016)      Positive decrease 39.0

medium

HDI (2015)     Increase 0.689

medium ·         113th

Currency         Indonesian rupiah (Rp) (IDR)

Time zone        various (UTC+7 to +9)

Date format     DD/MM/YYYY

Drives on the   left

Calling code    +62

ISO 3166 code ID

Internet TLD-.id